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The operating of shifting the leading digits of an addition into the next column to the left when the sum of that column exceeds a single digit (i.e., 9 in base 10).

A sequence a_1, a_2, ... such that the metric d(a_m,a_n) satisfies lim_(min(m,n)->infty)d(a_m,a_n)=0. Cauchy sequences in the rationals do not necessarily converge, but they ...

A gadget defined for complex vector bundles. The Chern classes of a complex manifold are the Chern classes of its tangent bundle. The ith Chern class is an obstruction to the ...

The inequality (j+1)a_j+a_i>=(j+1)i, which is satisfied by all A-sequences.

Erdős proved that there exist at least one prime of the form 4k+1 and at least one prime of the form 4k+3 between n and 2n for all n>6.

A prime factorization algorithm.

A common fraction is a fraction in which numerator and denominator are both integers, as opposed to fractions. For example, 2/5 is a common fraction, while (1/3)/(2/5) is ...

A complex fraction is a fraction in which numerator, denominator, or both are themselves fractions, for example (2/3)/(4/5).

The apodization function A(x)=(1-(x^2)/(a^2))^2. Its full width at half maximum is sqrt(4-2sqrt(2))a. Its instrument function is ...

For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).