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The number of "arrangements" in an ordering of n items is given by either a combination (order is ignored) or a permutation (order is significant). An ordering (or order) is ...

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

Let the true value of a quantity be x and the measured or inferred value x_0. Then the relative error is defined by deltax=(Deltax)/x=(x_0-x)/x=(x_0)/x-1, where Deltax is the ...

A tree of links obtained by repeatedly choosing a crossing, applying the skein relationship to obtain two simpler links, and repeating the process. The tree depth of a ...

An exchange of two elements of an ordered list with all others staying the same. A transposition is therefore a permutation of two elements. For example, the swapping of 2 ...

The height of a tree g is defined as the vertex height of its root vertex, where the vertex height of a vertex v in a tree g is the number of edges on the longest downward ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

A d-repdigit is a number composed of repetition of a single digit (in a given base, generally taken as base 10 unless otherwise specified). For example, the beast number 666 ...

A katadrome is a number whose hexadecimal digits are in strict descending order. The first few are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 32, 33, 48, 49, ... ...

An implicit method for solving an ordinary differential equation that uses f(x_n,y_n) in y_(n+1). In the case of a heat equation, for example, this means that a linear system ...