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The derivative (deltaL)/(deltaq)=(partialL)/(partialq)-d/(dt)((partialL)/(partialq^.)) appearing in the Euler-Lagrange differential equation.

The most general form of Lagrange's group theorem, also known as Lagrange's lemma, states that for a group G, a subgroup H of G, and a subgroup K of H, (G:K)=(G:H)(H:K), ...

Lagrange's continued fraction theorem, proved by Lagrange in 1770, states that any positive quadratic surd sqrt(a) has a regular continued fraction which is periodic after ...

The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is the fundamental equation of calculus of variations. It states that if J is defined by an integral of the form J=intf(t,y,y^.)dt, ...

A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...

The Kuhn-Tucker theorem is a theorem in nonlinear programming which states that if a regularity condition holds and f and the functions h_j are convex, then a solution ...

At the age of 17, Bernard Mares proposed the definite integral (Borwein and Bailey 2003, p. 26; Bailey et al. 2006) C_2 = int_0^inftycos(2x)product_(n=1)^(infty)cos(x/n)dx ...

A method for generating random (pseudorandom) numbers using the linear recurrence relation X_(n+1)=aX_n+c (mod m), where a and c must assume certain fixed values, m is some ...

The functional derivative is a generalization of the usual derivative that arises in the calculus of variations. In a functional derivative, instead of differentiating a ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz. The Markov numbers m are the union of the solutions (x,y,z) to this equation and are related to Lagrange numbers.