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For every k>=1, let C_k be the set of composite numbers n>k such that if 1<a<n, GCD(a,n)=1 (where GCD is the greatest common divisor), then a^(n-k)=1 (mod n). Special cases ...

The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

The mathematical study of knots. Knot theory considers questions such as the following: 1. Given a tangled loop of string, is it really knotted or can it, with enough ...

On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...

The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

A path composed of connected horizontal and vertical line segments, each passing between adjacent lattice points. A lattice path is therefore a sequence of points P_0, P_1, ...

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) be a lattice, and let tau subset= L^2. Then tau is a tolerance if and only if it is a reflexive and symmetric sublattice of L^2. Tolerances of lattices, ...

The Lebesgue measure is an extension of the classical notions of length and area to more complicated sets. Given an open set S=sum_(k)(a_k,b_k) containing disjoint intervals, ...

The series for the inverse tangent, tan^(-1)x=x-1/3x^3+1/5x^5+.... Plugging in x=1 gives Gregory's formula 1/4pi=1-1/3+1/5-1/7+1/9-.... This series is intimately connected ...

The Lemoine cubic is the triangle cubic with trilinear equation It passes through Kimberling centers X_n for n=3, 4, 32, 56, and 1147.