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The Delta-variation is a variation in which the varied path over which an integral is evaluated may end at different times than the correct path, and there may be variation ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

Taylor's theorem states that any function satisfying certain conditions may be represented by a Taylor series, Taylor's theorem (without the remainder term) was devised by ...

The algebraic identity (sum_(i=1)^na_ic_i)(sum_(i=1)^nb_id_i)-(sum_(i=1)^na_id_i)(sum_(i=1)^nb_ic_i) =sum_(1<=i<j<=n)(a_ib_j-a_jb_i)(c_id_j-c_jd_i). (1) Letting c_i=a_i and ...

As Lagrange showed, any irrational number alpha has an infinity of rational approximations p/q which satisfy |alpha-p/q|<1/(sqrt(5)q^2). (1) Furthermore, if there are no ...

A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

The ordinary differential equation y=xf(y^')+g(y^'), where y^'=dy/dx and f and g are given functions. This equation is sometimes also known as Lagrange's equation (Zwillinger ...

Given a Euclidean n-space, H_n=n+1.

The term "over" is commonly used in mathematical exposition as a synonym for "in the domain of." So, for example, "Let f be a function over the reals" means "Let f be a ...

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...