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The statistical index P_(ME)=(sump_n(q_0+q_n))/(sum(v_0+v_n)), where p_n is the price per unit in period n, q_n is the quantity produced in period n, and v_n=p_nq_n is the ...

A theorem in game theory which guarantees the existence of a set of mixed strategies for finite, noncooperative games of two or more players in which no player can improve ...

The study of numbers for the supposed purpose of predicting future events or seeking connections with the occult.

A quadrilateral tiling is a tiling of the plane by identical quadrilaterals. Any nonself-intersecting quadrilateral (Wells 1991, p. 208) tiles the plane, as illustrated above.

In a local ring R, there is only one maximal ideal m. Hence, R has only one quotient ring R/m which is a field. This field is called the residue field.

A topological space is second countable if it has a countable topological basis.

A sentential variable, also called a propositional variable, that can be substituted for in arbitrary sentential formulas (Carnap 1958, p. 24).

A simple graph, also called a strict graph (Tutte 1998, p. 2), is an unweighted, undirected graph containing no graph loops or multiple edges (Gibbons 1985, p. 2; West 2000, ...

By way of analogy with the prime counting function pi(x), the notation pi_(a,b)(x) denotes the number of primes of the form ak+b less than or equal to x (Shanks 1993, pp. ...

A twin Pythagorean triple is a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c) for which two values are consecutive integers. By definition, twin triplets are therefore primitive triples. Of the ...