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The log-likelihood function F(theta) is defined to be the natural logarithm of the likelihood function L(theta). More precisely, F(theta)=lnL(theta), and so in particular, ...

Let Y^X be the set of continuous mappings f:X->Y. Then the topological space Y^X supplied with the compact-open topology is called a mapping space, and if X=I is taken as the ...

The Lorentz group is the group L of time-preserving linear isometries of Minkowski space R^((3,1)) with the Minkowski metric dtau^2=-(dx^0)^2+(dx^1)^2+(dx^2)^2+(dx^3)^2 ...

A sequence of random variates X_0, X_1, ... with finite means such that the conditional expectation of X_(n+1) given X_0, X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is equal to X_n, i.e., ...

The mean triangle area A^_ is the average area of a triangle in triangle picking within some given shape. As summarized in the following table, it is possible to compute the ...

If a number fails Miller's primality test for some base a, it is not a prime. If the number passes, it may be a prime. A composite number passing Miller's test is called a ...

det(i+j+mu; 2i-j)_(i,j=0)^(n-1)=2^(-n)product_(k=0)^(n-1)Delta_(2k)(2mu), where mu is an indeterminate, Delta_0(mu)=2, ...

Let any finite or infinite set of points having no finite limit point be prescribed and associate with each of its points a principal part, i.e., a rational function of the ...

Neville's algorithm is an interpolation algorithm which proceeds by first fitting a polynomial of degree 0 through the point (x_k,y_k) for k=1, ..., n, i.e., P_k(x)=y_k. A ...

A sentential formula that contains at least one free variable (Carnap 1958, p. 24). A sentential variable containing no free variables (i.e., all variables are bound) is ...