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A fraction p/q>=1. A fraction with p/q<1 is called a proper fraction. Therefore, the special cases 1/1, 2/2, 3/3, etc. are generally considered to be improper.

The indefinite summation operator Delta^(-1) for discrete variables, is the equivalent of integration for continuous variables. If DeltaY(x)=y(x), then Delta^(-1)y(x)=Y(x).

The continued fraction ((x+1)^n-(x-1)^n)/((x+1)^n+(x-1)^n)=n/(x+)(n^2-1)/(3x+)(n^2-2^2)/(5x+...).

A maximal sum-free set is a set {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} of distinct natural numbers such that a maximum l of them satisfy a_(i_j)+a_(i_k)!=a_m, for 1<=j<k<=l, 1<=m<=n.

A principal vertex x_i of a simple polygon P is called a mouth if the diagonal [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] is an extremal diagonal (i.e., the interior of [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] lies in the ...

mu_i(epsilon), sometimes denoted P_i(epsilon), is the probability that element i is populated, normalized such that sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i(epsilon)=1.

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...

The eigenvalues lambda satisfying P(lambda)=0, where P(lambda) is the characteristic polynomial, lie in the unions of the disks |z|<=1 |z+b_1|<=sum_(j=1)^n|b_j|.

rho_n(nu,x)=((1+nu-n)_n)/(sqrt(n!x^n))_1F_1(-n;1+nu-n;x), where (a)_n is a Pochhammer symbol and _1F_1(a;b;z) is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind.

j_n(z)=(z^n)/(2^(n+1)n!)int_0^picos(zcostheta)sin^(2n+1)thetadtheta, where j_n(z) is a spherical Bessel function of the first kind.