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Given two distributions Y and X with joint probability density function f(x,y), let U=Y/X be the ratio distribution. Then the distribution function of u is D(u) = P(U<=u) (1) ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

The regulator of a number field K is a positive number associated with K. The regulator of an imaginary quadratic field is 1 and that of a real quadratic, imaginary cubic, or ...

For a given monic quartic equation f(x)=x^4+a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0, (1) the resolvent cubic is the monic cubic polynomial g(x)=x^3+b_2x^2+b_1x+b_0, (2) where the coefficients ...

A positive integer n is called a base-b Rhonda number if the product of the base-b digits of n is equal to b times the sum of n's prime factors. These numbers were named by ...

The Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma, sometimes also called Mercer's theorem, states that lim_(n->infty)int_a^bK(lambda,z)Csin(nz)dz=0 (1) for arbitrarily large C and "nice" ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...

The Sierpiński gasket graph of order n is the graph obtained from the connectivity of the Sierpiński sieve. The first few Sierpiński gasket graphs are illustrated above. S_2 ...

The surface given by the parametric equations x = asinu (1) y = asinv (2) z = asin(u+v). (3) It is a sextic surface with algebraic equation (4) The coefficients of the first ...