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The number of ways in which a group of n with weights sum_(i=1)^(n)w_i=1 can change a losing coalition (one with sumw_i<1/2) to a winning one, or vice versa. It was proposed ...

The problem of maximizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron, also known as operations research or optimization theory. The general problem of convex optimization is ...

A standard form of the linear programming problem of maximizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron is to maximize c·x subject to mx<=b and x>=0, where m is a given ...

Dual pairs of linear programs are in "strong duality" if both are possible. The theorem was first conceived by John von Neumann. The first written proof was an Air Force ...

Ellipsoidal calculus is a method for solving problems in control and estimation theory having unknown but bounded errors in terms of sets of approximating ellipsoidal-value ...

A large number defined as where the circle notation denotes "n in n squares," and triangles and squares are expanded in terms of Steinhaus-Moser notation (Steinhaus 1999, pp. ...

Every semisimple Lie algebra g is classified by its Dynkin diagram. A Dynkin diagram is a graph with a few different kinds of possible edges. The connected components of the ...

Given a property P, if P(x)∼x as x->infty (so, using asymptotic notation, the number of numbers less than x not satisfying the property P is o(x), where o(x) is one of the ...

The double bar symbol | is used to denote certain kinds of norms in mathematics (e.g., ||x|| or ||x||_2). It is also used to denote parallel lines, as in A∥B, and in an older ...

A very large number defined in terms of circle notation by Steinhaus (1983) as .