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A multiplicative factor (usually indexed) such as one of the constants a_i in the polynomial a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. In this polynomial, the monomials are ...

A Lyndon word is an aperiodic notation for representing a necklace.

An "overdot" is a raised dot appearing above a symbol most commonly used in mathematics to indicate a derivative taken with respect to time (e.g., x^.=dx/dt). The expression ...

The single bar | is a notation variously used to denote the absolute value |x|, complex modulus |z|, vector norm |x|, determinant |A|, or "divides" (a|b).

The ultraradical symbol is a notation thet can be used to express solutions not obtainable by finite root extraction. The solution to the irreducible quintic equation x^5+x=a ...

A dot placed under a symbol to indicate a dummy variable, e.g., c_._1 (Comtet 1974, p. 32). This notation, however, is not very common.

If two quantities A and B are approximately equal, this is written A approx B.

An abbreviation for the cokernel.

A pair of overdots placed over a symbol, as in x^.., most commonly used to denote a second derivative with respect to time, i.e., x^..=d^2x/dt^2.

There are seven frieze groups, which can be written in orbifold notation as *22infty, 2*infty, 22infty, *inftyinfty, infty*, inftyx, inftyinfty.