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The term "quotient" is most commonly used to refer to the ratio q=r/s of two quantities r and s, where s!=0. Less commonly, the term quotient is also used to mean the integer ...

The mathematical study of combinatorial objects in which a certain degree of order must occur as the scale of the object becomes large. Ramsey theory is named after Frank ...

A recursive process is one in which objects are defined in terms of other objects of the same type. Using some sort of recurrence relation, the entire class of objects can ...

There are a number of functions in various branches of mathematics known as Riemann functions. Examples include the Riemann P-series, Riemann-Siegel functions, Riemann theta ...

A special type of binary tree obtained by starting with the fractions 0/1 and 1/0 and iteratively inserting (m+m^')/(n+n^') between each two adjacent fractions m/n and ...

The transformation S[{a_n}_(n=0)^N] of a sequence {a_n}_(n=0)^N into a sequence {b_n}_(n=0)^N by the formula b_n=sum_(k=0)^NS(n,k)a_k, (1) where S(n,k) is a Stirling number ...

The tangent numbers, also called a zag number, and given by T_n=(2^(2n)(2^(2n)-1)|B_(2n)|)/(2n), (1) where B_n is a Bernoulli number, are numbers that can be defined either ...

The shortest circular sequence of length sigma^n such that every string of length n on the alphabet a of size sigma occurs as a contiguous subrange of the sequence described ...

Given a group of n men arranged in a circle under the edict that every mth man will be executed going around the circle until only one remains, find the position L(n,m) in ...

Consider a set A_n={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} of n positive integer-denomination postage stamps sorted such that 1=a_1<a_2<...<a_n. Suppose they are to be used on an envelope with ...