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The mathematical study of knots. Knot theory considers questions such as the following: 1. Given a tangled loop of string, is it really knotted or can it, with enough ...

An algorithm is said to be solvable in polynomial time if the number of steps required to complete the algorithm for a given input is O(n^k) for some nonnegative integer k, ...

A deconvolution algorithm (sometimes abbreviated MEM) which functions by minimizing a smoothness function ("entropy") in an image. Maximum entropy is also called the ...

A global extremum, also known as an absolute extremum, is a global minimum or global maximum. It is impossible to construct an algorithm that will find a global extremum for ...

A global maximum, also known as an absolute maximum, the largest overall value of a set, function, etc., over its entire range. It is impossible to construct an algorithm ...

A global minimum, also known as an absolute minimum, is the smallest overall value of a set, function, etc., over its entire range. It is impossible to construct an algorithm ...

A prime factorization algorithm in which a sequence of trial divisors is chosen using a quadratic sieve. By using quadratic residues of N, the quadratic residues of the ...

A popular acronym for "principal ideal domain." In engineering circles, the acronym PID refers to the "proportional-integral-derivative method" algorithm for controlling ...

In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...

The cubical graph is the Platonic graph corresponding to the connectivity of the cube. It is isomorphic to the generalized Petersen graph GP(4,1), bipartite Kneser graph ...