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The envelope of the plane lx+my+nz=c, (1) where c is the speed of propagation of a wave in the direction (l,m,n) (i.e., l, m, and n are the direction cosines) is known as the ...

The parameters alpha, beta, gamma, and delta which, like the three Euler angles, provide a way to uniquely characterize the orientation of a solid body. These parameters ...

Let K subset V subset S^3 be a knot that is geometrically essential in a standard embedding of the solid torus V in the three-sphere S^3. Let K_1 subset S^3 be another knot ...

A polyhedral graph is completely regular if the dual graph is also regular. There are only five types. Let rho be the number of graph edges at each node, rho^* the number of ...

The generalized diameter is the greatest distance between any two points on the boundary of a closed figure. The diameter of a subset E of a Euclidean space R^n is therefore ...

A plane figure or solid compound consisting of multiple connected copies of a given base shape. For example, affixing n equal squares gives an n-polyomino, while affixing n ...

The length of the polygonal spiral is found by noting that the ratio of inradius to circumradius of a regular polygon of n sides is r/R=(cot(pi/n))/(csc(pi/n))=cos(pi/n). (1) ...

A space-filling polyhedron is a polyhedron which can be used to generate a tessellation of space. Although even Aristotle himself proclaimed in his work On the Heavens that ...

The difference between the sum of the angles A, B, and C of a spherical triangle and pi radians (180 degrees), E=A+B+C-pi. The notation Delta is sometimes used for spherical ...

A volume element is the differential element dV whose volume integral over some range in a given coordinate system gives the volume of a solid, V=intintint_(G)dxdydz. (1) In ...