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In his monumental treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, Gauss conjectured that the class number h(-d) of an imaginary quadratic field with binary quadratic form discriminant ...

The generalized Gell-Mann matrices are the n^2-1 matrices generating the Lie algebra associated to the special unitary group SU(n), n>=2. As their name suggests, these ...

The Golay code is a perfect linear error-correcting code. There are two essentially distinct versions of the Golay code: a binary version and a ternary version. The binary ...

The Hénon-Heiles equation is a nonlinear nonintegrable Hamiltonian system with x^.. = -(partialV)/(partialx) (1) y^.. = -(partialV)/(partialy), (2) where the potential energy ...

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the high-water marks are the values at which the running maximum increases. For example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5) with ...

The impossible fork (Seckel 2002, p. 151), also known as the devil's pitchfork (Singmaster), blivet, or poiuyt, is a classic impossible figure originally due to Schuster ...

Integration by parts is a technique for performing indefinite integration intudv or definite integration int_a^budv by expanding the differential of a product of functions ...

An isolated singularity is a singularity for which there exists a (small) real number epsilon such that there are no other singularities within a neighborhood of radius ...

There are at least three theorems known as Jensen's theorem. The first states that, for a fixed vector v=(v_1,...,v_m), the function |v|_p=(sum_(i=1)^m|v_i|^p)^(1/p) is a ...

A deconvolution algorithm (sometimes abbreviated MEM) which functions by minimizing a smoothness function ("entropy") in an image. Maximum entropy is also called the ...