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A curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f(x,y) is a constant. Other synonymous terms are equipotential curve, isarithm, and isopleth. A plot of several ...

A crunode, also known as an ordinary double point, of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself so that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. ...

The distribution parameter of a noncylindrical ruled surface parameterized by x(u,v)=sigma(u)+vdelta(u), (1) where sigma is the striction curve and delta the director curve, ...

A set of curves whose equations are of the same form but which have different values assigned to one or more parameters in the equations. Families of curves arise, for ...

The closed plane curve that crosses itself once and consists of one lobe on each side of the intersection. It can be viewed as a circle with a half twist. The fundamental ...

A ruled surface parameterization x(u,v)=b(u)+vg(u) is called noncylindrical if gxg^' is nowhere 0. A noncylindrical ruled surface always has a parameterization of the form ...

Given a source S and a curve gamma, pick a point on gamma and find its tangent T. Then the locus of reflections of S about tangents T is the orthotomic curve (also known as ...

The pedal coordinates of a point P with respect to the curve C and the pedal point O are the radial distance r from O to P and the perpendicular distance p from O to the line ...

The curve b(u) in the ruled surface parameterization x(u,v)=b(u)+vd(u) is called the directrix (or base curve).

A simple path is a path which is a simple curve. More precisely, a continuous mapping gamma:[a,b]->C^0 is a simple path if it has no self-intersections. Here, C^0 denotes the ...