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A ring is commutative if the multiplication operation is commutative.

An h-cobordism is a bordism W between two manifolds M_1 and M_2 such that W is simply connected and the inclusion maps M_1->W and M_2->W are homotopy equivalences.

A vector field on a circle in which the directions of the vectors are all at the same angle to the circle.

Given three noncollinear points, construct three tangent circles such that one is centered at each point and the circles are pairwise tangent to one another. Then there exist ...

The Atzema spiral, also known as the Pritch-Atzema spiral, is the curve whose catacaustic for a radiant point at the origin is a circle, as illustrated above. It has ...

The bend of a circle C mutually tangent to three other circles is defined as the signed curvature of C. If the contacts are all external, the signs of the bends of all four ...

While some authors define "circumference" as distance around an arbitrary closed object (sometimes restricted to a closed curved object), in the work, the term "perimeter" is ...

Given two circles, draw the tangents from the center of each circle to the sides of the other. Then the line segments AB and CD are of equal length. The theorem can be proved ...

When a point P moves along a line through the circumcenter of a given triangle Delta, the pedal circle of P with respect to Delta passes through a fixed point (the Griffiths ...

If P is any point on a line TT^' whose orthopole is S, then the circle power of S with respect to the pedal circle of P is a constant (Gallatly 1913, p. 51).