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Consider a line segment of length 1, and pick a point x at random between [0,1]. This point x divides the line into line segments of length x and 1-x. If a set of points are ...

The Mellin transform is the integral transform defined by phi(z) = int_0^inftyt^(z-1)f(t)dt (1) f(t) = 1/(2pii)int_(c-iinfty)^(c+iinfty)t^(-z)phi(z)dz. (2) It is implemented ...

For n a positive integer, expressions of the form sin(nx), cos(nx), and tan(nx) can be expressed in terms of sinx and cosx only using the Euler formula and binomial theorem. ...

The first definition of the logarithm was constructed by Napier and popularized through his posthumous pamphlet (Napier 1619). It this pamphlet, Napier sought to reduce the ...

Newton's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root sqrt(n) of a number n via the recurrence equation x_(k+1)=1/2(x_k+n/(x_k)), (1) where x_0=1. This recurrence ...

A perfect power is a number n of the form m^k, where m>1 is a positive integer and k>=2. If the prime factorization of n is n=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2)...p_k^(a_k), then n is a ...

The low-level language of topology, which is not really considered a separate "branch" of topology. Point-set topology, also called set-theoretic topology or general ...

Schur's partition theorem lets A(n) denote the number of partitions of n into parts congruent to +/-1 (mod 6), B(n) denote the number of partitions of n into distinct parts ...

The logarithmic integral is defined as the Cauchy principal value li(x) = PVint_0^x(dt)/(lnt) (1) = ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...