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If p_1, ..., p_n are positive numbers which sum to 1 and f is a real continuous function that is convex, then f(sum_(i=1)^np_ix_i)<=sum_(i=1)^np_if(x_i). (1) If f is concave, ...

The German mathematician Kronecker proved that all the Galois extensions of the rationals Q with Abelian Galois groups are subfields of cyclotomic fields Q(mu_n), where mu_n ...

An algorithm for finding roots which retains that prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the ...

Let any finite or infinite set of points having no finite limit point be prescribed and associate with each of its points a principal part, i.e., a rational function of the ...

A skewed distribution which is similar to the binomial distribution when p!=q (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 930). y=k(t+A)^(A^2-1)e^(-At), (1) for t in [0,infty) where A = ...

Suppose that in some neighborhood of x=0, F(x)=sum_(k=0)^infty(phi(k)(-x)^k)/(k!) (1) for some function (say analytic or integrable) phi(k). Then ...

A series expansion is a representation of a particular function as a sum of powers in one of its variables, or by a sum of powers of another (usually elementary) function ...

A stack polyomino is a self-avoiding convex polyomino containing two adjacent corners of its minimal bounding rectangle. The number of stack polyominoes with perimeter 2n+4 ...

A second-order ordinary differential equation d/(dx)[p(x)(dy)/(dx)]+[lambdaw(x)-q(x)]y=0, where lambda is a constant and w(x) is a known function called either the density or ...

Let B_n(r) be the n-dimensional closed ball of radius r>1 centered at the origin. A function which is defined on B(r) is called an extension to B(r) of a function f defined ...