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Admitting an inverse. An object that is invertible is referred to as an invertible element in a monoid or a unit ring, or to a map, which admits an inverse map iff it is ...

An illusion named after the psychologist Joseph Jastrow. In the above figure, the left edges of the laminas A and B are colinear, creating an illusion of different size. ...

The Lommel polynomials R_(m,nu)(z) arise from the equation J_(m+nu)(z)=J_nu(z)R_(m,nu)(z)-J_(nu-1)(z)R_(m-1,nu+1)(z), (1) where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind ...

If p>1, then Minkowski's integral inequality states that Similarly, if p>1 and a_k, b_k>0, then Minkowski's sum inequality states that [sum_(k=1)^n|a_k+b_k|^p]^(1/p) ...

A set in which no element divides the sum of any nonempty subset of the other elements. For example, {2,3,5} is dividing, since 2|(3+5) (and 5|(2+3)), but {4,6,7} is ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...

The pentagonal orthocupolarotunda is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(32). The unit pentagonal orthocupolarotunda has volume V=1/3(5+4sqrt(5)) (1) and Dehn ...

The index of a permutation p is defined as the sum of all subscripts j such that p_j>p_(j+1), for 1<=j<=n. MacMahon (1960) proved that the number of permutations of size n ...

An auxiliary latitude which gives a sphere having correct distances along the meridians. It is denoted mu (or omega) and is given by mu=(piM)/(2M_p). (1) M_p is evaluated for ...

A set S of integers is said to be recursive if there is a total recursive function f(x) such that f(x)=1 for x in S and f(x)=0 for x not in S. Any recursive set is also ...