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The transitive reduction of a binary relation R on a set X is the minimum relation R^' on X with the same transitive closure as R. Thus aR^'b for any elements a and b of X, ...

The function psi(x)={x(1-(x^2)/(c^2))^2 for |x|<c; 0 for |x|>c (1) sometimes used in robust estimation. It has a minimum at x=-c/sqrt(5) and a maximum at x=c/sqrt(5), where ...

A unar is an algebra A=(A,f), where f is a single unary operation.

1 uncia=1/(12). The word uncia was Latin for a unit equal to 1/12 of another unit called the as. The words "inch" (1/12 of a foot) and "ounce" (originally 1/12 of a pound and ...

A unilateral shift is a weighted shift T for which alpha_n=1 for all n.

A position in a game is unsafe for player A if the person who plays next (player B) can win. Every unsafe position can be made safe by at least one move.

The vertex count of a graph g, commonly denoted V(g) or |g|, is the number of vertices in g. In other words, it is the cardinality of the vertex set. The vertex count of a ...

The sequence {F_n-1} is complete even if restricted to subsequences which contain no two consecutive terms, where F_n is a Fibonacci number.

The zero section of a vector bundle is the submanifold of the bundle that consists of all the zero vectors.

Written in the notation of partial derivatives, the d'Alembertian square ^2 in a flat spacetime is defined by square ^2=del ^2-1/(c^2)(partial^2)/(partialt^2), where c is the ...