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A square root of x is a number r such that r^2=x. When written in the form x^(1/2) or especially sqrt(x), the square root of x may also be called the radical or surd. The ...

The number q in a fraction p/q.

The number 13.

A friend of a number n is another number m such that (m,n) is a friendly pair.

The term "porism" is an archaic type of mathematical proposition whose historical purpose is not entirely known. It is used instead of "theorem" by some authors for a small ...

Any set which can be put in a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers (or integers) so that a prescription can be given for identifying its members one at a time ...

A set A in a first-countable space is dense in B if B=A union L, where L is the set of limit points of A. For example, the rational numbers are dense in the reals. In ...

Somos defines a rational triangle as a triangle such that all three sides measured relative to each other are rational. Koblitz (1993) defined a congruent number as an ...

Take K a number field and m a divisor of K. A congruence subgroup H is defined as a subgroup of the group of all fractional ideals relative prime to m (I_K^m) that contains ...

Two lengths are called incommensurate or incommensurable if their ratio cannot be expressed as a ratio of whole numbers. Irrational numbers and transcendental numbers are ...