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Suppose that A and B are two algebras and M is a unital A-B-bimodule. Then [A M; 0 B]={[a m; 0 b]:a in A,m in M,b in B} with the usual 2×2 matrix-like addition and ...

A procedure for decomposing an N×N matrix A into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U, LU=A. (1) LU decomposition is implemented in the ...

The arithmetic-geometric energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its arithmetic-geometric matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its ...

The vector space generated by the columns of a matrix viewed as vectors. The column space of an n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by m elements of R^n, ...

Any square matrix A can be written as a sum A=A_S+A_A, (1) where A_S=1/2(A+A^(T)) (2) is a symmetric matrix known as the symmetric part of A and A_A=1/2(A-A^(T)) (3) is an ...

If a matrix A has a matrix of eigenvectors P that is not invertible (for example, the matrix [1 1; 0 1] has the noninvertible system of eigenvectors [1 0; 0 0]), then A does ...

A graphical partitioning based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of a graph.

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) index of a graph is defined as half the sum of the matrix elements of its ABC matrix. It was introduced by Estrada et al. (2017) to model the ...

The natural norm induced by the L-infty-norm is called the maximum absolute row sum norm and is defined by ||A||_infty=max_(i)sum_(j=1)^n|a_(ij)| for a matrix A. This matrix ...

Let p and q be partitions of a positive integer, then there exists a (0,1)-matrix A such that c(A)=p, r(A)=q iff q is dominated by p^*.