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An n×n array is called a square array. Considered as a matrix, a square array is called a square matrix.

A generalization of the matrix to an n_1×n_2×... array of numbers.

The orthogonal decomposition of a matrix into lower trapezoidal matrices.

In determinant expansion by minors, the minimal number of transpositions of adjacent columns in a square matrix needed to turn the matrix representing a permutation of ...

Let ||A|| be the matrix norm associated with the matrix A and |x| be the vector norm associated with a vector x. Let the product Ax be defined, then ||A|| and |x| are said to ...

A diagonal of a square matrix which is traversed in the "northeast" direction. "The" skew diagonal (or "secondary diagonal") of an n×n square matrix is the skew diagonal from ...

The Sombor energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Sombor matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Sombor matrix.

A linear system of equations is a set of n linear equations in k variables (sometimes called "unknowns"). Linear systems can be represented in matrix form as the matrix ...

The Randić energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Randić matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Randić matrix.

If X_i for i=1, ..., m has a multivariate normal distribution with mean vector mu=0 and covariance matrix Sigma, and X denotes the m×p matrix composed of the row vectors X_i, ...