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The map projection having transformation equations x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi_s (1) y = sinphisecphi_s (2) for the normal aspect, where lambda is the longitude, lambda_0 is ...

The Gudermannian function is the odd function denoted either gamma(x) or gd(x) which arises in the inverse equations for the Mercator projection. phi(y)=gd(y) expresses the ...

Let G be a simple graph with nonsingular (0,1) adjacency matrix A. If all the diagonal entries of the matrix inverse A^(-1) are zero and all the off-diagonal entries of ...

A theorem sometimes called "Euclid's first theorem" or Euclid's principle states that if p is a prime and p|ab, then p|a or p|b (where | means divides). A corollary is that ...

The Kaprekar routine is an algorithm discovered in 1949 by D. R. Kaprekar for 4-digit numbers, but which can be generalized to k-digit numbers. To apply the Kaprekar routine ...

The game of tic-tac-toe, also spelled ticktacktoe and also known as 3-in-a-row or "naughts and crosses," is a game in which players alternate placing pieces (typically Xs for ...

The inverse function of the logarithm, defined such that log_b(antilog_bz)=z=antilog_b(log_bz). The antilogarithm in base b of z is therefore b^z.

A quantity which changes sign when indices are reversed. For example, A_(ij)=a_i-a_j is antisymmetric since A_(ij)=-A_(ji).

alpha=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N|x_i-mu|=<|x_i-mu|>.

Big-omega notation is the inverse of the Landau symbol O, f(n) in O(g(n))<=>g(n) in Omega(f(n)).