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The quaternions are members of a noncommutative division algebra first invented by William Rowan Hamilton. The idea for quaternions occurred to him while he was walking along ...

The radical line, also called the radical axis, is the locus of points of equal circle power with respect to two nonconcentric circles. By the chordal theorem, it is ...

The resistance distance between vertices i and j of a graph G is defined as the effective resistance between the two vertices (as when a battery is attached across them) when ...

Spherical coordinates, also called spherical polar coordinates (Walton 1967, Arfken 1985), are a system of curvilinear coordinates that are natural for describing positions ...

The Abel-Plana formula gives an expression for the difference between a discrete sum and the corresponding integral. The formula can be derived from the argument principle ...

An Abelian variety is an algebraic group which is a complete algebraic variety. An Abelian variety of dimension 1 is an elliptic curve.

Let {u_n(x)} be a sequence of functions. If 1. u_n(x) can be written u_n(x)=a_nf_n(x), 2. suma_n is convergent, 3. f_n(x) is a monotonic decreasing sequence (i.e., ...

An algorithm similar to Neville's algorithm for constructing the Lagrange interpolating polynomial. Let f(x|x_0,x_1,...,x_k) be the unique polynomial of kth polynomial order ...

An algorithm which extrapolates the partial sums s_n of a series sum_(n)a_n whose convergence is approximately geometric and accelerates its rate of convergence. The ...

There are at least two results known as "the area principle." The geometric area principle states that (|A_1P|)/(|A_2P|)=(|A_1BC|)/(|A_2BC|). (1) This can also be written in ...