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A square matrix U is a unitary matrix if U^(H)=U^(-1), (1) where U^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose and U^(-1) is the matrix inverse. For example, A=[2^(-1/2) 2^(-1/2) 0; ...

Vector subtraction is the process of taking a vector difference, and is the inverse operation to vector addition.

If there is an integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), (1) i.e., the congruence (1) has a solution, then q is said to be a quadratic residue (mod p). Note that the trivial ...

Salem constants, sometimes also called Salem numbers, are a set of numbers of which each point of a Pisot number is a limit point from both sides (Salem 1945). The Salem ...

A transcendental number is a (possibly complex) number that is not the root of any integer polynomial, meaning that it is not an algebraic number of any degree. Every real ...

Series expansions of the parabolic cylinder functions U(a,x) and W(a,x). The formulas can be found in Abramowitz and Stegun (1972).

(theta_3(z,t)theta_4(z,t))/(theta_4(2z,2t))=(theta_3(0,t)theta_4(0,t))/(theta_4(0,2t))=(theta_2(z,t)theta_1(z,t))/(theta_1(2z,2t)), where theta_i are Jacobi theta functions. ...

The Mathieu functions are the solutions to the Mathieu differential equation (d^2V)/(dv^2)+[a-2qcos(2v)]V=0. (1) Even solutions are denoted C(a,q,v) and odd solutions by ...

When |x|<1/2, (1-x)^(-a)_2F_1(a,b;c;-x/(1-x))=_2F_1(a,c-b;c;x).

A polynomial A_n(x;a) given by the associated Sheffer sequence with f(t)=te^(at), (1) given by A_n(x;a)=x(x-an)^(n-1). (2) The generating function is ...