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Consider two closed oriented space curves f_1:C_1->R^3 and f_2:C_2->R^3, where C_1 and C_2 are distinct circles, f_1 and f_2 are differentiable C^1 functions, and f_1(C_1) ...

The zeros of the derivative P^'(z) of a polynomial P(z) that are not multiple zeros of P(z) are the positions of equilibrium in the field of force due to unit particles ...

A geodesic mapping f:M->N between two Riemannian manifolds is a diffeomorphism sending geodesics of M into geodesics of N, whose inverse also sends geodesics to geodesics ...

The interesting function defined by the definite integral G(x)=int_0^xsin(tsint)dt, illustrated above (Glasser 1990). The integral cannot be done in closed form, but has a ...

The hacoversine, also known as the hacoversed sine and cohaversine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by hacoversin(z) = coversinz (1) = 1/2(1-sinz), (2) where ...

Let D=D(z_0,R) be an open disk, and let u be a harmonic function on D such that u(z)>=0 for all z in D. Then for all z in D, we have 0<=u(z)<=(R/(R-|z-z_0|))^2u(z_0).

The following three pieces of information completely determine the homeomorphic type of a surface (Massey 1996): 1. Orientability, 2. Number of boundary components, 3. Euler ...

The extremities of parallel radii of two circles are called homologous with respect to the similitude center collinear with them.

An n-dimensional manifold M is said to be a homotopy sphere, if it is homotopy equivalent to the n-sphere S^n. Thus no homotopy group can distinguish between M and S^n. The ...

Let K be a number field with ring of integers R and let A be a nontrivial ideal of R. Then the ideal class of A, denoted [A], is the set of fractional ideals B such that ...