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The lower matching number of a graph is the minimum size of a maximal independent edge set. The (upper) matching number may be similarly defined as the largest size of an ...

A tree not having the complete bipartite graph K_(1,2) with base at the vertex of degree two as a limb (Lu et al. 1993, Lu 1996).

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

The vector field N_f(z)=-(f(z))/(f^'(z)) arising in the definition of the Newtonian graph of a complex univariate polynomial f (Smale 1985, Shub et al. 1988, Kozen and ...

Given a point P, the point P^' which is the antipodal point of P is said to be the antipode of P. The term antipode is also used in plane geometry. Given a central conic (or ...

An independent dominating set of a graph G is a set of vertices in G that is both an independent vertex set and a dominating set of G. The minimum size of an independent ...

In algebraic topology, a p-skeleton is a simplicial subcomplex of K that is the collection of all simplices of K of dimension at most p, denoted K^((p)). The graph obtained ...

A generalized quadrangle is a generalized polygon of order 4. An order-(s,t) generalized quadrangle contains s+1 points in each line and has t+1 lines through every point, ...

Let i_k(G) be the number of irredundant sets of size k in a graph G, then the irredundance polynomial R_G(x) of G in the variable x is defined as ...

In general, a topological index, sometimes also known as a graph-theoretic index, is a numerical invariant of a chemical graph (Plavšić et al. 1993). Particular topological ...