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The prime counting function is the function pi(x) giving the number of primes less than or equal to a given number x (Shanks 1993, p. 15). For example, there are no primes ...

The function [x] which gives the smallest integer >=x, shown as the thick curve in the above plot. Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols the "gallows" because ...

Two fractions are said to be adjacent if their difference has a unit numerator. For example, 1/3 and 1/4 are adjacent since 1/3-1/4=1/12, but 1/2 and 1/5 are not since ...

A sequence of circles which closes (such as a Steiner chain or the circles inscribed in the arbelos) is called a chain.

A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closed if for any sequence of vectors v_n in D(A) such that v_n->v and Av_n->x as n->infty, it ...

Given a geometric sequence {a_1,a_1r,a_1r^2,...}, the number r is called the common ratio associated to the sequence.

A complete metric is a metric in which every Cauchy sequence is convergent. A topological space with a complete metric is called a complete metric space.

Suppose a,b in N, n=ab+1, and x_1, ..., x_n is a sequence of n real numbers. Then this sequence contains a monotonic increasing (decreasing) subsequence of a+1 terms or a ...

A periodic sequence such as {1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, ...} that is periodic from some point onwards.

The w-polynomials obtained by setting p(x)=3x and q(x)=-2 in the Lucas polynomial sequence. Setting f_n(1)=f_n (1) give a Fermat-Lucas number. The first few Fermat-Lucas ...