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An integer which is expressible in more than one way in the form x^2+Dy^2 or x^2-Dy^2 where x^2 is relatively prime to Dy^2. If the integer is expressible in only one way, it ...

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

A positive matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a positive number, i.e., a_(ij)>0 for all i, j. Positive matrices are therefore a ...

1 and -1 are the only integers which divide every integer. They are therefore called the prime units.

A Pythagorean triangle is a right triangle with integer side lengths (i.e., whose side lengths (a,b,c) form a Pythagorean triple). A Pythagorean triangle with GCD(a,b,c)=1 is ...

A rational polynomial is a polynomial having rational coefficients. While the term "rational polynomial" is sometimes used as a synonym for rational function, this usage is ...

In general, a remainder is a quantity "left over" after performing a particular algorithm. The term is most commonly used to refer to the number left over when two integers ...

The Sally sequence gives the sequence of lengths of the repetitions which are avoided in the Linus sequence. The first few terms are 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 6, 3, 2, ...

An even number of the form 4n+2 (i.e., an integer which is divisible by 2 but not by 4). The first few for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ... (OEIS A016825)

A function composed of a set of equally spaced jumps of equal length, such as the ceiling function f(x)=[x], floor function f(x)=|_x_|, or nearest integer function f(x)=[x].