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Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics dealing with integers or, more generally, numerical computation. Arithmetical operations include addition, congruence calculation, ...

A "weird number" is a number that is abundant (i.e., the sum of proper divisors is greater than the number) without being pseudoperfect (i.e., no subset of the proper ...

The Epstein zeta function for a n×n matrix S of a positive definite real quadratic form and rho a complex variable with R[rho]>n/2 (where R[z] denotes the real part) is ...

A sequence of real numbers {x_n} is equidistributed on an interval [a,b] if the probability of finding x_n in any subinterval is proportional to the subinterval length. The ...

The fundamental theorem(s) of calculus relate derivatives and integrals with one another. These relationships are both important theoretical achievements and pactical tools ...

A half-space is that portion of an n-dimensional space obtained by removing that part lying on one side of an (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. For example, half a Euclidean ...

A topological space X has a one-point compactification if and only if it is locally compact. To see a part of this, assume Y is compact, y in Y, X=Y\{y} and x in X. Let C be ...

Let n-1=FR where F is the factored part of a number F=p_1^(a_1)...p_r^(a_r), (1) where (R,F)=1, and R<sqrt(n). Pocklington's theorem, also known as the Pocklington-Lehmer ...

Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

A number x in which the first n decimal digits of the fractional part frac(x) sum to 666 is known as an evil number (Pegg and Lomont 2004). However, the term "evil" is also ...