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Let f be differentiable on the open interval (a,b) and continuous on the closed interval [a,b]. Then if f(a)=f(b), then there is at least one point c in (a,b) where f^'(c)=0. ...

There are at least two theorems known as Salmon's theorem. This first states that if P and S are two points, PX and SY are the perpendiculars from P and S to the polars of S ...

For d>=1, Omega an open subset of R^d, p in [1;+infty] and s in N, the Sobolev space W^(s,p)(R^d) is defined by W^(s,p)(Omega)={f in L^p(Omega): forall ...

A species of structures is a rule F which 1. Produces, for each finite set U, a finite set F[U], 2. Produces, for each bijection sigma:U->V, a function F[sigma]:F[U]->F[V]. ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

For what value of x is f(x)=x^(1/x) a maximum? The maximum occurs at x=e, where f^'(x)=x^(-2+1/x)(1-lnx)=0, (1) which is zero at x=e and gives a maximum of ...

The first Strehl identity is the binomial sum identity sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^3=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^2(2k; n), (Strehl 1993, 1994; Koepf 1998, p. 55), which are the so-called Franel ...

A curve which can be used to trisect an angle. Although an arbitrary angle cannot be trisected using only compass and straightedge (i.e., according to the strict rules of ...

In Minkowski space, a twistor may be defined as a pair consisting of a spinor field and a complex conjugate spinor field satisfying the twistor equation.

A triangular matrix U of the form U_(ij)={a_(ij) for i<=j; 0 for i>j. (1) Written explicitly, U=[a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n); 0 a_(22) ... a_(2n); | | ... |; 0 0 ... a_(nn)]. ...