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One of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms which asserts the existence of the empty set emptyset. The axiom may be stated symbolically as exists x forall y(!y in x).

A convergence test also called "de Morgan's and Bertrand's test." If the ratio of terms of a series {a_n}_(n=1)^infty can be written in the form ...

The two functions theta(x) and psi(x) defined below are known as the Chebyshev functions. The function theta(x) is defined by theta(x) = sum_(k=1)^(pi(x))lnp_k (1) = ...

sum_(k=0)^m(phi_k(x)phi_k(y))/(gamma_k)=(phi_(m+1)(x)phi_m(y)-phi_m(x)phi_(m+1)(y))/(a_mgamma_m(x-y),) (1) where phi_k(x) are orthogonal polynomials with weighting function ...

A closed trail is called a circuit when it is specified in cyclic order but no first vertex is explicitly identified.

Given a geometric sequence {a_1,a_1r,a_1r^2,...}, the number r is called the common ratio associated to the sequence.

For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).

For any two integers a and b, suppose d|ab. Then if d is relatively prime to a, then d divides b. This results appeared in Euclid's Elements, Book VII, Proposition 30. This ...

A knot or link L^n in S^(n+2) is said to be fibered if there exists a fibration f:S^(n+2)-L->S^1 and if the fibration is well-behaved near L (Rolfsen 1976, p. 323). Examples ...

If f^'(x) is continuous and the integral converges, int_0^infty(f(ax)-f(bx))/xdx=[f(0)-f(infty)]ln(b/a).