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A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...

A function of more than one variable.

A branch of mathematics which attempts to formalize the nature of the set using a minimal collection of independent axioms. Unfortunately, as discovered by its earliest ...

Two real algebraic manifolds are equivalent iff they are analytically homeomorphic (Nash 1952).

Let rho(x)dx be the fraction of time a typical dynamical map orbit spends in the interval [x,x+dx], and let rho(x) be normalized such that int_0^inftyrho(x)dx=1 over the ...

A natural transformation Phi={Phi_C:F(C)->D(C)} between functors F,G:C->D of categories C and D is said to be a natural isomorphism if each of the components is an ...

The British word for "zero." It is often used to indicate 0 subscripts, so a_0 would be spoken as "a naught."

A near-perfect matching is a matching in which a single vertex is left unmatched. Just as perfect matchings can occur only for graphs with an even number of vertices, ...

A negative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a negative number, i.e., a_(ij)<0 for all i, j. Negative matrices are therefore a ...

A negative semidefinite matrix is a Hermitian matrix all of whose eigenvalues are nonpositive. A matrix m may be tested to determine if it is negative semidefinite in the ...