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The curve given by the polar equation r=a(1-costheta), (1) sometimes also written r=2b(1-costheta), (2) where b=a/2. The cardioid has Cartesian equation ...

A spheroid is an ellipsoid having two axes of equal length, making it a surface of revolution. By convention, the two distinct axis lengths are denoted a and c, and the ...

J_m(x)=(2x^(m-n))/(2^(m-n)Gamma(m-n))int_0^1J_n(xt)t^(n+1)(1-t^2)^(m-n-1)dt, where J_m(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Gamma(x) is the gamma function.

A hexagon (not necessarily regular) on whose polygon vertices a circle may be circumscribed. Let sigma_i=Pi_i(a_1^2,a_2^2,a_3^2,a_4^2,a_5^2,a_6^2) (1) denote the ith-order ...

The total power of a triangle is defined by P=1/2(a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2), (1) where a_i are the side lengths, and the "partial power" is defined by p_1=1/2(a_2^2+a_3^2-a_1^2). ...

An important theorem in plane geometry, also known as Hero's formula. Given the lengths of the sides a, b, and c and the semiperimeter s=1/2(a+b+c) (1) of a triangle, Heron's ...

Plouffe's constants are numbers arising in summations of series related to r_n=f(2^n) where f is a trigonometric function. Define the Iverson bracket function rho(x)={1 for ...

The intersection Fl of the Gergonne line and the Soddy line. In the above figure, D^', E^', and F^' are the Nobbs points, I is the incenter, Ge is the Gergonne point, and S ...

For a curve with first fundamental form ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2, (1) the Gaussian curvature is K=(M_1-M_2)/((EG-F^2)^2), (2) where M_1 = |-1/2E_(vv)+F_(uv)-1/2G_(uu) 1/2E_u ...

The Kenmotu circle is the circle passing through the six contact points of the congruent squares used in the construction of the Kenmotu point with the triangle sides. It is ...