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Regardless of where one white and one black square are deleted from an ordinary 8×8 chessboard, the reduced board can always be covered exactly with 31 dominoes (of dimension ...

The hacoversine, also known as the hacoversed sine and cohaversine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by hacoversin(z) = coversinz (1) = 1/2(1-sinz), (2) where ...

The havercosine, also called the haversed cosine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by havercosz = vercosz (1) = 1/2(1+cosz), (2) where vercosz is the vercosine ...

The following three pieces of information completely determine the homeomorphic type of a surface (Massey 1996): 1. Orientability, 2. Number of boundary components, 3. Euler ...

An algebraically soluble equation of odd prime degree which is irreducible in the natural field possesses either 1. Only a single real root, or 2. All real roots.

An orthogonal array OA(k,s) is a k×s^2 array with entries taken from an s-set S having the property that in any two rows, each ordered pair of symbols from S occurs exactly ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that the interval [0,n] is contained in D, one can show ...

The transformation T(x) = frac(1/x) (1) = 1/x-|_1/x_|, (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part of x and |_x_| is the floor function, that takes a continued fraction ...

A space curve consisting of a spiral wound around a helix. It has parametric equations x = [R+acos(omegat)]cost (1) y = [R+acos(omegat)]sint (2) z = ht+asin(omegat). (3)

An integer matrix whose entries satisfy a_(ij)={0 if j>i+1; -1 if j=i+1; 0 or 1 if j<=i. (1) There are 2^(n-1) special minimal matrices of size n×n.