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A Ruth-Aaron pair is a pair of consecutive numbers (n,n+1) such that the sums of the prime factors of n and n+1 are equal. They are so named because they were inspired by the ...

The smallest cubic graphs with graph crossing number CN(G)=n have been termed "crossing number graphs" or n-crossing graphs by Pegg and Exoo (2009). The n-crossing graphs are ...

A "square" word consists of two identical adjacent subwords (for example, acbacb). A squarefree word contains no square words as subwords (for example, abcacbabcb). The only ...

The usual number of scalar operations (i.e., the total number of additions and multiplications) required to perform n×n matrix multiplication is M(n)=2n^3-n^2 (1) (i.e., n^3 ...

A Taylor series is a series expansion of a function about a point. A one-dimensional Taylor series is an expansion of a real function f(x) about a point x=a is given by (1) ...

Integrals over the unit square arising in geometric probability are int_0^1int_0^1sqrt(x^2+y^2)dxdy=1/3[sqrt(2)+sinh^(-1)(1)] int_0^1int_0^1sqrt((x-1/2)^2+(y-1/2)^2)dxdy ...

A Turing machine which, by appropriate programming using a finite length of input tape, can act as any Turing machine whatsoever. In his seminal paper, Turing himself gave ...

A graph G having chromatic number gamma(G)=k is called a k-chromatic graph (Harary 1994, p. 127). In contrast, a graph having gamma(G)<=k is said to be a k-colorable graph. A ...

A mechanical counting device consisting of a frame holding a series of parallel rods on each of which beads are strung. Each bead represents a counting unit, and each rod a ...

Let a particle travel a distance s(t) as a function of time t (here, s can be thought of as the arc length of the curve traced out by the particle). The speed (the scalar ...