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The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

A topology defined on a totally ordered set X whose open sets are all the finite intersections of subsets of the form {x in X|x>a} or {x in X|x<a}, where a in X. The order ...

An ambiguous term which is sometimes used to mean a partially ordered set and sometimes to mean a totally ordered set.

The orthocubic (or ortho cubic) Z(X_4) is a self-isogonal cubic with pivot point at the orthocenter H, so it has parameter x=cosBcosC and trilinear equation (Cundy and Parry ...

The variation of a function which exhibits slope changes, also called the saltus of a function. A series may also oscillate, causing it not to converge.

For an n-dimensional map, the Lyapunov characteristic exponents are given by sigma_i=lim_(N->infty)ln|lambda_i(N)| for i=1, ..., n, where lambda_i is the Lyapunov ...

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

A similar construction can be done by initially erecting a square internally on the side BC. This leads to the A^--inscribed square. The triangle DeltaX^-Y^-Z^- of centers of ...

The two-dimensional version of the ham sandwich theorem.

A quadratic surface given by the equation x^2+2rz=0.