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The hyperbolic cylinder is a quadratic surface given by the equation (x^2)/(a^2)-(y^2)/(b^2)=-1. (1) It is a ruled surface. It can be given parametrically by x = asinhu (2) y ...

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

A matrix whose entries are all integers. Special cases which arise frequently are those having only (-1,1) as entries (e.g., Hadamard matrix), (0,1)-matrices having only ...

Find the surface enclosing the maximum volume per unit surface area, I=V/S. The solution is a sphere, which has I_(sphere)=(4/3pir^3)/(4pir^2)=1/3r. The fact that a sphere ...

For every k>=1, let C_k be the set of composite numbers n>k such that if 1<a<n, GCD(a,n)=1 (where GCD is the greatest common divisor), then a^(n-k)=1 (mod n). Special cases ...

The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...

The partial differential equation (1+f_y^2)f_(xx)-2f_xf_yf_(xy)+(1+f_x^2)f_(yy)=0 (Gray 1997, p. 399), whose solutions are called minimal surfaces. This corresponds to the ...

The Laplace distribution, also called the double exponential distribution, is the distribution of differences between two independent variates with identical exponential ...

Consider a game where everyone in a classroom picks a number between 0 and 100. The person closest to half the average wins. Obviously, picking a number over 50 would be ...