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A sparse matrix is a matrix that allows special techniques to take advantage of the large number of "background" (commonly zero) elements. The number of zeros a matrix needs ...

Take the Helmholtz differential equation del ^2F+k^2F=0 (1) in spherical coordinates. This is just Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates with an additional term, (2) ...

The spherical Hankel function of the first kind h_n^((1))(z) is defined by h_n^((1))(z) = sqrt(pi/(2z))H_(n+1/2)^((1))(z) (1) = j_n(z)+in_n(z), (2) where H_n^((1))(z) is the ...

A spheroid is an ellipsoid having two axes of equal length, making it a surface of revolution. By convention, the two distinct axis lengths are denoted a and c, and the ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

A matrix for which horizontal and vertical dimensions are the same (i.e., an n×n matrix). A matrix m may be tested to determine if it is square in Wolfram Language using ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

For two random variates X and Y, the correlation is defined bY cor(X,Y)=(cov(X,Y))/(sigma_Xsigma_Y), (1) where sigma_X denotes standard deviation and cov(X,Y) is the ...

A Steiner system S(t,k,v) is a set X of v points, and a collection of subsets of X of size k (called blocks), such that any t points of X are in exactly one of the blocks. ...

A stem-and-leaf diagram, also called a stem-and-leaf plot, is a diagram that quickly summarizes data while maintaining the individual data points. In such a diagram, the ...