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A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

Let S be a collection of subsets of a finite set X. A subset Y of X that meets every member of S is called the vertex cover, or hitting set. A vertex cover of a graph G can ...

Let a particle travel a distance s(t) as a function of time t (here, s can be thought of as the arc length of the curve traced out by the particle). The speed (the scalar ...

Adams' method is a numerical method for solving linear first-order ordinary differential equations of the form (dy)/(dx)=f(x,y). (1) Let h=x_(n+1)-x_n (2) be the step ...

A modified Miller's primality test which gives a guarantee of primality or compositeness. The algorithm's running time for a number n has been proved to be as ...

An affine transformation is any transformation that preserves collinearity (i.e., all points lying on a line initially still lie on a line after transformation) and ratios of ...

Some authors define a general Airy differential equation as y^('')+/-k^2xy=0. (1) This equation can be solved by series solution using the expansions y = ...

Several differing definitions of almost planar (as well as nearly planar) have been used in the literature (cf. Lipton et al. 2016). For example, Gubser (1996) defines an ...

A number n with prime factorization n=product_(i=1)^rp_i^(a_i) is called k-almost prime if it has a sum of exponents sum_(i=1)^(r)a_i=k, i.e., when the prime factor ...

A series of the form sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^(k+1)a_k (1) or sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^ka_k, (2) where a_k>0. A series with positive terms can be converted to an alternating series ...