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Let lambda be the longitude, lambda_0 the reference longitude, phi the latitude, phi_0 the reference latitude, and phi_1 and phi_2 the standard parallels. Then the ...

The ordinary differential equation (1) (Byerly 1959, p. 255). The solution is denoted E_m^p(x) and is known as an ellipsoidal harmonic of the first kind, or Lamé function. ...

An approximation for the gamma function Gamma(z+1) with R[z]>0 is given by Gamma(z+1)=sqrt(2pi)(z+sigma+1/2)^(z+1/2)e^(-(z+sigma+1/2))sum_(k=0)^inftyg_kH_k(z), (1) where ...

The Laplace distribution, also called the double exponential distribution, is the distribution of differences between two independent variates with identical exponential ...

In toroidal coordinates, Laplace's equation becomes (1) Attempt separation of variables by plugging in the trial solution f(u,v,phi)=sqrt(coshu-cosv)U(u)V(v)Psi(psi), (2) ...

A law is a mathematical statement which always holds true. Whereas "laws" in physics are generally experimental observations backed up by theoretical underpinning, laws in ...

Generalizing from a straight line (i.e., first degree polynomial) to a kth degree polynomial y=a_0+a_1x+...+a_kx^k, (1) the residual is given by ...

Each double point assigned to an irreducible algebraic curve whose curve genus is nonnegative imposes exactly one condition.

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♯. Then A is a left Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <·,·> satisfying: 1. ...

Gamma functions of argument 2z can be expressed in terms of gamma functions of smaller arguments. From the definition of the beta function, ...