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If X and Y are independent variates and X+Y is a normal distribution, then both X and Y must have normal distributions. This was proved by Cramér in 1936.

Let |sum_(n=1)^pa_n|<K, (1) where K is independent of p. Then if f_n>=f_(n+1)>0 and lim_(n->infty)f_n=0, (2) it follows that sum_(n=1)^inftya_nf_n (3) converges.

The ratio of two independent estimates of the variance of a normal distribution.

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

A normalizer of a nontrivial Sylow p-subgroup of a group G.

An m-ary n-ic polynomial (i.e., a homogeneous polynomial with constant coefficients of degree n in m independent variables).

A parameterization of a surface x(u,v) in u and v is regular if the tangent vectors (partialx)/(partialu) and (partialx)/(partialv) are always linearly independent.

Two curves are tangent externally at a point P if they lie on opposite sides of their common tangent at P

If the first nonzero component of the vector difference A-B is >0, then A≻B. If the first nonzero component of A-B is <0, then A≺B.

The spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) are the angular portion of the solution to Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates where azimuthal symmetry is not present. Some ...