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A "law of large numbers" is one of several theorems expressing the idea that as the number of trials of a random process increases, the percentage difference between the ...

The Montgomery-Odlyzko law (which is a law in the sense of empirical observation instead of through mathematical proof) states that the distribution of the spacing between ...

Little's law states that, under steady state conditions, the average number of items in a queuing system equals the average rate at which the items arrive multiplied by the ...

An ideal I of a partial order P is a subset of the elements of P which satisfy the property that if y in I and x<y, then x in I. For k disjoint chains in which the ith chain ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. The space of all characters on A is called the maximal ideal space (or character space) of A. This space equipped with the ...

Let V be a real symmetric matrix of large order N having random elements v_(ij) that for i<=j are independently distributed with equal densities, equal second moments m^2, ...

The first strong law of small numbers (Gardner 1980, Guy 1988, 1990) states "There aren't enough small numbers to meet the many demands made of them." The second strong law ...

The generalized law of sines applies to a simplex in space of any dimension with constant Gaussian curvature. Let us work up to that. Initially in two-dimensional space, we ...

The weak law of large numbers (cf. the strong law of large numbers) is a result in probability theory also known as Bernoulli's theorem. Let X_1, ..., X_n be a sequence of ...

The most general form of this theorem states that in a commutative unit ring R, the height of every proper ideal I generated by n elements is at most n. Equality is attained ...