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The orthogonal polynomials defined variously by (1) (Koekoek and Swarttouw 1998, p. 24) or p_n(x;a,b,c,d) = W_n(-x^2;a,b,c,d) (2) = (3) (Koepf, p. 116, 1998). The first few ...

Wolfram's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root of a rational number 1<=r<4 using properties of the binary representation of r. The algorithm begins with ...

Given two additive groups (or rings, or modules, or vector spaces) A and B, the map f:A-->B such that f(a)=0 for all a in A is called the zero map. It is a homomorphism in ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...

The ordinary differential equation y=xf(y^')+g(y^'), where y^'=dy/dx and f and g are given functions. This equation is sometimes also known as Lagrange's equation (Zwillinger ...

The q-analog of the binomial theorem (1-z)^n=1-nz+(n(n-1))/(1·2)z^2-(n(n-1)(n-2))/(1·2·3)z^3+... (1) is given by (1-z/(q^n))(1-z/(q^(n-1)))...(1-z/q) ...

q-calculus or quantum calculus is a methodology comparable to the usual study of calculus but which is centered on the idea of deriving q-analogous results without the use of ...

The arithmetic-geometric mean agm(a,b) of two numbers a and b (often also written AGM(a,b) or M(a,b)) is defined by starting with a_0=a and b_0=b, then iterating a_(n+1) = ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...

The set R union {+infty,-infty} obtained by adjoining two improper elements to the set R of real numbers is normally called the set of (affinely) extended real numbers. ...