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Points, also called polar reciprocals, which are transformed into each other through inversion about a given inversion circle C (or inversion sphere). The points P and P^' ...

Modular arithmetic is the arithmetic of congruences, sometimes known informally as "clock arithmetic." In modular arithmetic, numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a given ...

A tree having four branches at each node. Quadtrees are used in the construction of some multidimensional databases (e.g., cartography, computer graphics, and image ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), a signaling NaN or sNaN is a NaN which is signaling in the sense of being most commonly returned in ...

A special type of binary tree obtained by starting with the fractions 0/1 and 1/0 and iteratively inserting (m+m^')/(n+n^') between each two adjacent fractions m/n and ...

A vector space V is a set that is closed under finite vector addition and scalar multiplication. The basic example is n-dimensional Euclidean space R^n, where every element ...

Let (K,L) be a pair consisting of finite, connected CW-complexes where L is a subcomplex of K. Define the associated chain complex C(K,L) group-wise for each p by setting ...

An amphichiral knot is a knot that is capable of being continuously deformed into its own mirror image. More formally, a knot K is amphichiral (also called achiral or ...

Place two solid spheres of radius 1/2 inside a hollow sphere of radius 1 so that the two smaller spheres touch each other at the center of the large sphere and are tangent to ...

There are no fewer than three distinct notions of curve throughout mathematics. In topology, a curve is a one-dimensional continuum (Charatonik and Prajs 2001). In algebraic ...