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An error in a statistical test which occurs when a false hypothesis is accepted (a false positive in terms of the null hypothesis).

An error in a statistical test which occurs when a true hypothesis is rejected (a false negative in terms of the null hypothesis).

An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

Also known as the alternating series test. Given a series sum_(n=1)^infty(-1)^(n+1)a_n with a_n>0, if a_n is monotonic decreasing as n->infty and lim_(n->infty)a_n=0, then ...

A product of a reflection in a line and translation along the same line.

The Griewank function is a function widely used to test the convergence of optimization functions. The Griewank function of order n is defined by ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

The x- (horizontal) coordinate of a point in a two dimensional coordinate system. Physicists and astronomers sometimes use the term to refer to the axis itself instead of the ...

A witness is a number which, as a result of its number theoretic properties, guarantees either the compositeness or primality of a number n. Witnesses are most commonly used ...