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The lower central series of a Lie algebra g is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g_(k+1)=[g,g_k], (1) with g_0=g. The sequence of subspaces is always ...

Solution of a system of second-order homogeneous ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients of the form (d^2x)/(dt^2)+bx=0, where b is a positive definite ...

For a second-order ordinary differential equation, y^('')+p(x)y^'+q(x)y=g(x). (1) Assume that linearly independent solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x) are known to the homogeneous ...

Two square matrices A and B that are related by B=X^(-1)AX, (1) where X is a square nonsingular matrix are said to be similar. A transformation of the form X^(-1)AX is called ...

There are at least two distinct notions known as the Whitehead group. Given an associative ring A with unit, the Whitehead group associated to A is the commutative quotient ...

The Lucas numbers are the sequence of integers {L_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation L_n=L_(n-1)+L_(n-2) (1) with L_1=1 and L_2=3. The nth Lucas number ...

Barycentric coordinates are triples of numbers (t_1,t_2,t_3) corresponding to masses placed at the vertices of a reference triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3. These masses then ...

Given a complex Hilbert space H with associated space L(H) of continuous linear operators from H to itself, the bicommutant M^('') of an arbitrary subset M subset= L(H) is ...

An elliptic fixed point of a differential equation is a fixed point for which the stability matrix has purely imaginary eigenvalues lambda_+/-=+/-iomega (for omega>0). An ...

In real and functional analysis, equicontinuity is a concept which extends the notion of uniform continuity from a single function to collection of functions. Given ...