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An NSW number (named after Newman, Shanks, and Williams) is an integer m that solves the Diophantine equation 2n^2=m^2+1. (1) In other words, the NSW numbers m index the ...

An algorithm for making tables of primes. Sequentially write down the integers from 2 to the highest number n you wish to include in the table. Cross out all numbers >2 which ...

An unordered factorization is a factorization of a number into a product of factors where order is ignored. The following table lists the unordered factorizations of the ...

Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

Let the difference of successive primes be defined by d_n=p_(n+1)-p_n, and d_n^k by d_n^k={d_n for k=1; |d_(n+1)^(k-1)-d_n^(k-1)| for k>1. (1) N. L. Gilbreath claimed that ...

An integer j(n) is called a jumping champion if j(n) is the most frequently occurring difference between consecutive primes <=n (Odlyzko et al. 1999). This term was coined by ...

The Pell-Lucas numbers are the V_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=2 and Q=-1, and correspond to the Pell-Lucas polynomial Q_n(1). The Pell-Lucas number Q_n is equal to ...

A Mersenne number is a number of the form M_n=2^n-1, (1) where n is an integer. The Mersenne numbers consist of all 1s in base-2, and are therefore binary repunits. The first ...

A problem is an exercise whose solution is desired. Mathematical "problems" may therefore range from simple puzzles to examination and contest problems to propositions whose ...

An amphichiral knot is a knot that is capable of being continuously deformed into its own mirror image. More formally, a knot K is amphichiral (also called achiral or ...